• Mountain pine beetle outbreaks since the 1990s are climate-amplified — milder winters fail to kill overwintering larvae — and have killed substantial fractions of lodgepole and ponderosa pine across the ecoregion.
• Snowpack-driven river flow is the load-bearing water budget for the broader Southwest; earlier snowmelt + reduced snowpack are reshaping downstream agriculture and ecology far beyond the ecoregion boundary.
• Garden-relevant: high-altitude Colorado natives (columbine, alpine forget-me-not, paintbrush) face habitat-island contraction; foothill natives (Penstemon strictus, blanketflower, sulfur buckwheat) extend their viable range upslope.