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Blue vervain
Habit (mature) · James St. John / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 2.0
Limited coverage
Blue vervain
Verbena hastata
A native vervain of eastern and central North American wet meadows, stream banks, and rain gardens — a rough, clump-forming perennial with stiff, square hairy stems that branch above into candelabra-like spires. Slender, pencil-like spikes carry tiny purplish-blue tubular flowers that open a few at a time from the bottom up over a long July-to-September bloom. Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies and carries Special Value to Native Bees.
Native: 38 US states + 8 CA provinces
Review: Source-backed
Climate fit: broad (83/100)
Pollinator
Border
Light
Full sun
Water
Consistent moisture
Mature size
24-72" tall · 18" apart
Hardy in zones
3a-8b
brutally cold to frosty winters
Summer heat range
Cool-Hot
cool to hot summers Interim Plotwright tier until the plant AHS range is authored.
Native in Illinois
Yes
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A documented larval host for the Common buckeye — caterpillars feed on its foliage before becoming the next generation.
Wildlife relationships
Cold hardiness
Now
Zone 6b
USDA
Chicago, IL · 1991-2020 average annual coldest day
Source: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (1991-2020 climatology) via ArcGIS FeatureServer
Well-suited
2050
Zone 7b
Plotwright
Your zone + climate-model shift · SSP3-7.0 (regional rivalry)
Well-suited
In plain terms: cold winters — coldest nights typically around -3°F.
✓
Well-suited today and still thriving in 2050.
Heat tolerance
Loading current AHS heat-zone and plant heat-fit data at your coordinates…
Where this plant fits
Suitable across 40 ecoregions — 35 climate-resilient through 2070 · 5 suited today. Best matches first.
Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
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Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
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Arizona Mountains forests
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Blue Mountains forests
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Canadian Aspen forests and parklands
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Central Pacific Northwest coastal forests
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Central Tallgrass prairie
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Central-Southern Cascades Forests
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Colorado Rockies forests
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Cross-Timbers savanna-woodland
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Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). Blue vervain (Verbena hastata). Retrieved 2026, June 5, from https://plotwright.garden/plants/blue-vervain
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited — 18 source-backed.
Missouri Botanical Garden PlantFinder
Botanical research database
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
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Wikimedia Commons
Photo · CC BY 2.0
Backs 1 field
Image
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database
Botanical research database
Community photos
The photos above are our reviewed reference set, curated for accuracy.
Plotwright
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