The Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests cover the Pontic Mountains of northern Turkey, the ranges running parallel to the southern coast of the Black Sea. The forests are predominantly coniferous, with Turkish fir, oriental spruce, Anatolian black pine, and Scots pine mixing with deciduous broadleaf species such as oriental beech and oak, while maple and rowan appear among the hardwoods. Its climate is transitional between the humid, moderate Black Sea coast and the drier, more continental Anatolian interior, with average annual rainfall ranging from about 500 to 1,000 mm. The region shelters notable wildlife including Turkey's main population of brown bears, gray wolves, red deer, and Anatolian chamois, and it also supports Europe's second largest population of cinereous vultures, though logging, illegal firewood collection, and other pressures continue to threaten its habitats. For gardeners, several ornamental natives originate here, including oriental spruce and the rowans (Sorbus) of its mixed forests.

At a glance

About the temperate conifer forests biome

Temperate forests dominated by evergreen conifers, from coastal rainforests to montane pine and fir stands. Adapted to cool, moist or seasonally dry climates, they include some of the tallest and longest-lived trees on the planet.

Catalog plants suited to this ecoregion

Computed from each plant's stated USDA zone range against this ecoregion's CHELSA-derived current zone range, with the CHELSA mid-century warming delta applied for the projection. Plants whose stated range falls outside both the current and projected zone end up dropped; the rest land in one of the three buckets below.

Collections for this ecoregion

Curated multi-plant collections whose members all fit this ecoregion's zone range — no won't-grow members smuggled in. Overall fit class shown per collection is the weakest link across its members.

Related ecoregions