Habit (mature) - Saucemaster / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 3.0
Limited coverage
Rutabaga
Brassica napus (Napobrassica Group)
A cool-weather root vegetable of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Scandinavia and Finland and also called swede, Swedish turnip, or yellow turnip. NC State Extension describes a slow-growing, spreading biennial grown as an annual that forms a swollen edible root best harvested at 3-5 inches across, topped by deep blue-green, deeply lobed leaves growing close to the ground. It wants full sun, good drainage, and a steady inch of water a week — drought stress turns the root woody and bitter. Heat-intolerant, it is grown for a fall or early-winter harvest and reaches maturity in roughly 90-120 days.
Edible
Light
Full sun
Water
Consistent moisture
Mature size
12-24" tall · 8" apart
Hardy in zones
Annual; NC State lists a cool-weather biennial grown as an annual
AHS heat range
1-6
Plant range authored in AHS heat-zone terms.
Native in Illinois
No
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Winter protection and storage
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Moisture retention
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Seed starting
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Drainage and aeration
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Transplanting and establishment
Trowels, transplant spades, starter fertilizer, root stimulators, and watering bags.
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A cool-season root vegetable.
Cold hardiness
Future
This plant is grown as an annual; hardiness zones don't apply.
Heat tolerance
Future
Heat tolerance values are location-based too: heat days today are observed at this site, and the 2050 value projects this same location under a future climate.
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Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). Rutabaga (Brassica napus (Napobrassica Group)). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/plants/brassica-napus-napobrassica-group
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited - 18 source-backed.
NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
University extension service
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
Seasonal interest
Growth stages
Lifecycle
Regional guidance
Success tips
Designer notes