Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests

Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests

Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
The Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests are a montane subtropical coniferous ecoregion of the Naga Hills, spanning the border country between India's Nagaland and Mizoram states and adjacent Myanmar in three separate enclaves between roughly 1,500 and 2,500 meters in elevation. Tenasserim pine (Pinus latteri) dominates the lower slopes, giving way at higher elevations to Khasi pine and blue pine mixed with hemlock, fir, and broadleaf oaks, maples, and rhododendrons. The mountains intercept monsoon moisture pushing inland from the Bay of Bengal, so heavy, terrain-forced rainfall and complex topography shape where each forest type grows. The Khasi pine is the ecoregion's flagship species, and the forests support wildlife such as serow, sambar, Indian muntjac, and Asian black bear, though the region has little formal protection and ongoing shifting cultivation has cleared much habitat. For gardeners, the native flora is rich in familiar ornamentals, including Rhododendron, holly (Ilex), and tree-dwelling orchids of the genera Cymbidium, Dendrobium, and Vanda.
RESOLVE 304
Indomalayan
3,747 sq mi
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Type de paysage
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Région végétale
Indomalayan
Empreinte de la région
3,747 sq mi
Pression sur l'habitat
Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)
Utilisez ceci comme schéma général de plantation pour la région : Subtropical and tropical forests dominated by conifers such as pines, typically in semi-arid climates with seasonal rainfall. They often occupy higher elevations and carry fire-adapted understories. Pour vos décisions de jardin, associez ce contexte à la liste de plantes ci-dessous, puis affinez selon les contraintes de lumière, d'eau, de sol et de taille adulte de votre site.

Range & origins

Emplacement de Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests sur la carte du monde
Repère placé à l’intérieur du polygone RESOLVE 2017 à 25.8°N, 94.7°E.
La région à travers le temps
Empreinte moderne
RESOLVE 2017 cartographie 3,747 sq mi
Cette limite est une empreinte écologique moderne pour Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests, et non une ligne permanente sur la planète. Elle est utile pour le contexte actuel des plantes et de la faune car elle suit des schémas récurrents de végétation, de climat, de relief et de perturbations.
Pourquoi ici
Conditions de tropical & subtropical coniferous forests
La région se situe dans le règne Indomalayan et est classée comme tropical & subtropical coniferous forests. L'altitude, l'humidité, le feu, les sols, les côtes et l'utilisation humaine des terres peuvent tous rendre le paysage réel plus varié qu'une seule couleur de carte ne le laisse penser.
Pression du changement
Nature Could Reach Half Protected
Plotwright affiche ceci comme l'empreinte RESOLVE actuelle. Au fil des décennies ou des siècles, le réchauffement, les perturbations, les espèces envahissantes, l'utilisation des terres et la restauration peuvent déplacer la bordure vivante d'une région même lorsque la carte de référence reste fixe.

Régions de plantation similaires

Parcourez d'autres régions au rythme similaire d'étés chauds et secs. Leurs listes de plantes peuvent suggérer des espèces et des combinaisons à comparer.
RESOLVE 302 - Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests
The Himalayan subtropical pine forests form a long, narrow band stretching for over 3,000 km along the lower elevations of the Himalaya, spanning Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan and crossing Indian states including Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim. The forest is dominated by a single conifer, the Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), which forms open stands over a sparse understory of shrubs such as barberry, blackberry, and Himalayan raspberry. Its climate is shaped by the southwestern monsoon arriving off the Bay of Bengal roughly from May through September, with a pronounced gradient in which the eastern Himalaya are wetter and the west noticeably drier. Though less species-rich than tropical rainforest, the ecoregion is important habitat, home to wildlife such as the Himalayan goral, yet more than half of its natural habitat has been cleared or degraded by overgrazing, fuelwood and fodder collection, and shifting cultivation.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 5b-11b
+4.8°F d’ici 2070
29,439 sq mi
Niveau NNH 3
RESOLVE 303 - Indomalayan
Luzon tropical pine forests
The Luzon tropical pine forests cover the high country of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines, concentrated in the Cordillera Central of the north (including peaks such as Mount Pulag and Mount Data) and extending to the Zambales Mountains of west-central Luzon. The signature tree is the Benguet pine (Pinus insularis, also called Khasi or Luzon pine), which stands thinly spaced above open, grass-covered slopes rather than forming closed canopy. The climate is strongly seasonal: rainfall is high, well over 2,500 mm a year, but falls mostly during the July-August monsoon and typhoon season, followed by a long dry season from roughly November to April when fires help keep the pine-grassland in balance. The ecoregion is rich in endemic life, with the elegant tit as its flagship bird and a notable array of endemic Cordillera mammals such as cloud rats and earthworm mice, yet it is classed as Critical/Endangered, pressured by logging, burning, agricultural clearing, and mining. For gardeners, its defining native conifer is a hardy tropical-montane pine adapted to cool uplands and a pronounced dry season.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 12a-13b
+3.1°F d’ici 2070
2,732 sq mi
Niveau NNH 2
RESOLVE 305 - Indomalayan
Sumatran tropical pine forests
The Sumatran tropical pine forests form one of the few tropical conifer ecoregions in the world, occupying high slopes of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia along the Bukit Barisan Mountains, including the highlands near Lake Toba. The habitat is defined by forests dominated by the Sumatran pine (Pinus merkusii), which establishes on ground disturbed by landslides, recurrent fire, and human clearing, scattered as discrete patches embedded within the surrounding montane broadleaf forest. The climate is broadly tropical with roughly 2,500 mm of annual rainfall, though these pines occupy the drier eastern aspects of the range and a thick litter of pine needles keeps the understory sparse. The flora and fauna are less diverse than the neighboring rainforests, but the ecoregion is protected in part by reserves such as Kerinci Seblat, and Pinus merkusii is regarded as the flagship species while facing pressure from logging and increased fire. Among the understory plants noted here are shrubs in the honeysuckle genus Lonicera and the barberry genus Berberis, both familiar to gardeners as ornamentals.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 12b-13b
+2.8°F d’ici 2070
1,067 sq mi
Niveau NNH 2
RESOLVE 552 - Neotropic
Bahamian pineyards
The Bahamian pineyards are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion spanning the northern Bahamas, on Grand Bahama, Abaco, Andros, and New Providence, together with the Caicos Islands of the Turks and Caicos. The canopy is dominated by the Bahamian pine (Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis), a variety botanically distinct from other Caribbean pines and adapted to sandy, salty ground, growing over a broad-leaved shrub understory that includes poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum), thatch palms, and the endemic five-finger. These are fire-maintained, pyrogenic forests; pollen records indicate a largely anthropogenic origin, with the modern pineyards established by about 1200 CE following Lucayan land clearing. The ecoregion carries a Critical/Endangered status and shelters notable wildlife, including endemic birds such as the Bahama yellowthroat, Bahama woodstar, and Bahama oriole, rock iguanas (Cyclura) and boas (Epicrates), and the wintering Kirtland's warbler, while logging, invasive species, and intensifying hurricanes such as Dorian remain serious threats. For gardeners, the understory native pinepink orchid (Bletia purpurea) is among the ornamental plants found here.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 13b
+3.1°F d’ici 2070
2,659 sq mi
Niveau NNH 3
RESOLVE 325 - Nearctic
Bermuda subtropical conifer forests
This ecoregion covers Bermuda, a crescent-shaped archipelago of limestone islands of low elevation in the Atlantic roughly 1,000 km off the US East Coast, with a mild subtropical climate moderated by the Gulf Stream and no recorded frosts. Its uplands were historically dominated by dense stands of three endemic plants: Bermuda cedar (Juniperus bermudiana, a juniper), Bermuda palmetto, and Bermuda olivewood, with mangrove swamps along the coast. Despite low overall species richness, the isolated islands hold notably high endemism. In the 1940s introduced scale insects devastated the cedar forests, and only about 10% of the native cedar remains today; Bermuda is also the seabird home of the Bermuda petrel (cahow), famously rediscovered in 1951.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 13a
+2.3°F d’ici 2070
15 sq mi
Niveau NNH 4
RESOLVE 553 - Neotropic
Central American pine-oak forests
The Central American pine-oak forests stretch along the mountainous spine of northern Central America, from the Chiapas highlands and Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southern Mexico through the uplands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into Nicaragua. As the name suggests, these montane woodlands are dominated by pines (Pinus species) and oaks (Quercus species), with pines tending to prevail at higher elevations and oaks lower down, alongside trees such as American sweetgum. They occupy a mid-elevation band roughly between 600 and 1,800 meters, giving way to cloud forest higher up and grading into tropical moist forest on the Caribbean slope and tropical dry forest on the Pacific slope. The region is an Endemic Bird Area and the celebrated home of the resplendent quetzal, though much of its forest is now considered critically threatened, with the stands in El Salvador almost entirely cleared. For gardeners, it is the native ground of American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a popular ornamental shade tree prized for its fall color.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 12a-13b
+3.4°F d’ici 2070
42,987 sq mi
Niveau NNH 2

Sources et citations

Citer cette page
Pour les plans de cours, articles ou notes de plantation régionales qui utilisent cette page Plotwright. Pour citer le cadre d'écorégions sous-jacent ou un profil éditorial spécifique, utilisez les fiches de sources ci-dessous.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests (Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests). Retrieved 2026, June 16, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-304
Sources pour cette région
Cette page cite d'abord Plotwright pour la vue compilée, puis répertorie les pages sources du cadre, du climat et de l'éditorial en amont afin que les lecteurs puissent citer directement le matériel d'origine.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Cadre principal des écorégions
Étaye 4 champs
Identifiant RESOLVE
Biome + règne
Superficie
Palier NNH
One Earth
One Earth
Étaye 1 champ
Résumé éditorial
Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
Étaye 1 champ
Vérification croisée du résumé