North Atlantic moist mixed forests
North Atlantic moist mixed forests
The North Atlantic moist mixed forests stretch along the western and northern coasts of Ireland and Scotland, taking in southwest and west Ireland, western Scotland and the Outer Hebrides, the far north of Scotland, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland. Much of the landscape is now open blanket bog, dwarf-shrub heath, and rugged sea-cliff country, but the surviving semi-natural woodland is dominated by upland birch, native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and Atlantic oak forest noted for its exceptional richness of mosses, lichens, liverworts, and ferns. The climate is warm-temperate with a strong oceanic influence, with annual temperatures generally ranging from 3 to 15 degrees Celsius and relatively high rainfall of roughly 1,000 to 1,500 mm. Despite extensive historical deforestation that left it classified as critical/endangered by the World Wildlife Fund, the ecoregion supports nearly a million breeding seabirds, including the world's largest gannet colony and Atlantic puffins, with the golden eagle as its flagship species. Gardeners in similar cool, wet, maritime climates may recognize natives of these heaths, such as ling heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bell heather (Erica cinerea).
RESOLVE 672
Palearctic
14,878 sq mi
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Tipo de paisagem
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Região vegetal
Palearctic
Pegada da região
14,878 sq mi
Pressão sobre o habitat
Nature Could Recover (Dinerstein NNH 3)
Origem e cuidado
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Use isto como o padrão geral de plantio para a região: Four-season forests of deciduous hardwoods — oak, maple, beech — often mixed with conifers, shaped by warm summers and cold winters. Trees leaf out in spring and color in autumn; the generally fertile soils have made these forests heavily settled and farmed. Para decisões de jardim, combine esse contexto com a lista de plantas abaixo e depois refine pelas restrições de luz, água, solo e tamanho adulto do seu local.
Range & origins
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 54.4°N, 8.4°W.
A região ao longo do tempo
Pegada moderna
RESOLVE 2017 mapeia 14,878 sq mi
Este limite é uma pegada ecológica moderna de North Atlantic moist mixed forests, não uma linha permanente no planeta. É útil para o contexto atual de plantas e fauna porque segue padrões recorrentes de vegetação, clima, relevo e perturbações.
Por que aqui
Condições de temperate broadleaf & mixed forests
A região fica no reino Palearctic e é classificada como temperate broadleaf & mixed forests. Altitude, umidade, fogo, solos, costas e o uso humano da terra podem tornar a paisagem real mais variada do que uma única cor no mapa sugere.
Pressão de mudança
Nature Could Recover
O Plotwright mostra isto como a pegada RESOLVE atual. Ao longo de décadas a séculos, o aquecimento, as perturbações, as espécies invasoras, o uso da terra e a restauração podem mover a borda viva de uma região mesmo quando o mapa de referência permanece fixo.
Regiões de plantio semelhantes
Explore outras regiões com um ritmo semelhante de verões quentes e secos. Suas listas de plantas podem sugerir espécies e combinações que valem a pena comparar.
RESOLVE 644 - Palearctic
Appenine deciduous montane forests
The Apennine deciduous montane forests occupy the higher elevations of the Apennine Mountains running down the spine of the Italian peninsula, surviving as disconnected patches that stretch southward for over 350 kilometers through central Italy. The dominant cover is montane broadleaf forest led by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), often mixed with silver fir (Abies alba), deciduous oaks (Quercus), maples (Acer), whitebeams and rowans (Sorbus), with cold meadows and grasslands taking over above the treeline. The climate is temperate-cool and notably wet, with rainfall ranging from roughly 1,000 mm in the southern mountains to 2,500 mm in the north and abundant winter snow at altitude. The ecoregion is the last stronghold of the critically endangered Marsican brown bear and the endemic Apennine (Abruzzo) chamois, and a 2017 assessment found about 46 percent of its area falls within protected reserves such as Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park. For gardeners, several ornamental woody genera native here, including holly (Ilex aquifolium), yew (Taxus baccata) and linden (Tilia), are familiar temperate landscape plants.
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Zones 10a-12a
+3.4°F by 2070
6,223 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 645 - Palearctic
Azores temperate mixed forests
The Azores temperate mixed forests cover the Azores archipelago, an autonomous region of Portugal whose nine principal volcanic islands lie roughly 1,350 to 1,500 km west of the Portuguese mainland. Lowland areas retain little natural vegetation, but above about 500 meters elevation enclaves of evergreen shrub forest persist, characterized by trees such as Laurus azorica, Juniperus brevifolia, Picconia azorica, and Erica azorica. The Gulf Stream gives the islands a mild maritime climate for their latitude, with summer averages near 21 degrees C and winter averages around 14.5 degrees C, and frost does not occur below 500 meters. The ecoregion is home to the endemic Azores bullfinch and the endemic Azores noctule bat; native laurel and juniper forests have been heavily displaced by introduced poplar, oak, and chestnut and by aggressive invasives. Gardeners may recognize native ornamentals from here, including the Azores blueberry (Vaccinium cylindraceum) and Azorean holly (Ilex perado subsp. azorica).
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
1,010 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 646 - Palearctic
Balkan mixed forests
The Balkan mixed forests stretch across southeastern Europe, spanning Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Turkey, reaching from the Black Sea toward the Adriatic. Deciduous oaks dominate most of the ecoregion's lower forests, most prominently Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto) along with Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and downy oak (Quercus pubescens), giving way above roughly 800 to 1,200 meters to European beech and conifers such as black pine, Scots pine, Bosnian pine, Macedonian pine, silver fir, and Norway spruce. The climate ranges from humid subtropical to humid warm-summer continental with wet winters, and a few high-rainfall pockets have been considered temperate rainforest relicts. The region is exceptionally rich and conservation-critical, hosting the greatest concentration of threatened mammal species in Europe, with the saker falcon as its flagship; the Shar Mountain area alone holds over 2,000 plant species, around 400 of them endemic to the Balkans.
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Zones 8b-11a
+4.3°F by 2070
86,629 sq mi
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 647 - Palearctic
Baltic mixed forests
The Baltic mixed forests stretch along the western and southern shores of the Baltic Sea, spanning northeastern Germany, northwestern Poland, eastern Denmark, and the southernmost tip of Sweden. Despite the name, the ecoregion does not reach the Baltic states; its woodlands are dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), mixed with oak, ash, maple, linden, elm, hazel, rowan, and birch, alongside planted Norway spruce, forming beech, oak-beech, and pine-oak forest communities. The climate is mild and maritime, with mean annual temperatures roughly 7-13 degrees Celsius, gentle winters, and summers whose hottest months rarely exceed 20 degrees Celsius. The region supports around 340 bird species and serves as habitat for the aquatic warbler, described as the rarest passerine in mainland Europe, while mammals such as European otter, roe deer, red deer, wild boar, and wolf persist; the ecoregion is classified as Critical/Endangered. For gardeners, several native trees here, including silver birch, Norway maple, English oak, and European hornbeam, are familiar temperate ornamentals.
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Zones 9b-10b
+5.1°F by 2070
44,044 sq mi
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 648 - Palearctic
Cantabrian mixed forests
The Cantabrian mixed forests stretch across southwestern Europe, running along the coastal Cantabrian Mountains and Galician Massif of northern Spain, south into northern Portugal, and northward through the westernmost Pyrenees into southwestern France. Oak and beech woodlands predominate, with lowlands of English oak (Quercus robur), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) giving way to upland forests of sessile and Pyrenean oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus pyrenaica) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica), interspersed with montane heaths. The climate is mild and humid Atlantic, transitional between the Mediterranean and oceanic zones, with cold, snowy winters and more Mediterranean conditions in Galicia. This is the far-southwestern stronghold of the brown bear and shelters the critically endangered European mink, the rare Pyrenean desman, and the Cantabrian capercaillie, with Picos de Europa National Park alone hosting many orchid species. Gardeners may recognize natives such as sweet chestnut and the heathers of its montane heathlands.
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Zones 9b-12a
+2.1°F by 2070
37,101 sq mi
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 649 - Palearctic
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests form an 800-kilometer belt nestled between the Caspian Sea and the Elburz Mountains, lying mostly in northern Iran with portions reaching the Lenkoran lowlands and Talysh Mountains of southeastern Azerbaijan. These are temperate broadleaf and mixed deciduous forests, with Oriental beech the dominant species and characteristic trees including chestnut-leaved oak, European hornbeam, Persian ironwood, the Persian silk tree, and relict genera such as Caucasian zelkova and wingnut. The climate is humid and semi-subtropical at lower elevations, grading to oceanic and humid continental conditions in the mountains, and the high humidity drives exceptional forest productivity. The forests are an ancient Pleistocene refuge often called the "mother of European forests" because many plants dispersed across the continent from here after the glaciations; they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019 (expanded into Azerbaijan in 2023) and shelter wildlife such as the flagship Persian leopard, brown bear, and wolf. Several of their native trees, including the Persian silk tree and Persian ironwood, are familiar to gardeners as ornamentals.
Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Zones 8b-11b
+4.1°F by 2070
21,275 sq mi
NNH tier 3
Sources & citations
Cite this page
Para planos de aula, artigos ou notas de plantio regionais que usem esta página do Plotwright. Para citar a estrutura de ecorregiões subjacente ou um perfil editorial específico, use os cartões de fontes abaixo.
Plotwright. (n.d.). North Atlantic moist mixed forests (North Atlantic moist mixed forests). Retrieved 2026, June 15, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-672
Fontes para esta região
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RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Estrutura principal de ecorregiões
Backs 4 fields
ID do RESOLVE
Bioma + reino
Área
Nível NNH