The Hawaiʻi tropical dry forests cover the leeward, rain-shadowed sides of the main Hawaiian Islands, along with the summits of Niʻihau and Kahoʻolawe, where the central ranges and large volcanoes strip moisture from the trade winds before it reaches the lowlands and foothills. These dry broadleaf forests are built around drought-adapted native trees including koa and koaiʻa (Acacia), ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), māmane (Sophora chrysophylla), lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), loulu fan palms (Pritchardia), and the sandalwoods or ʻiliahi (Santalum). The climate is markedly seasonal, with a long dry season and rainfall that is low for the tropics, ranging from roughly 25 to 125 centimeters a year. Despite their modest extent, these forests are botanically rich, holding about 22 percent of Hawaiʻi's native flora with most of those taxa found nowhere else, and they shelter the palila, a Hawaiian honeycreeper restricted to māmane-dominated dry forest. They rank among the most endangered ecoregions on Earth, with only an estimated 5 to 8 percent of natural habitat remaining. For gardeners, several of these natives such as wiliwili and the loulu palms are grown ornamentally in dry, sunny landscapes.

The Marianas tropical dry forests stretch across Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, both United States jurisdictions strung along a roughly 900-kilometer arc in the western Pacific Ocean. The terrain mixes young volcanic islands in the north with older southern islands built of volcanic rock and raised marine limestone, including limestone-capped Guam. Vegetation ranges from coastal stands of ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia), Pisonia grandis, pandanus, and the fern Nephrolepis hirsutula to limestone forests of native breadfruit (Artocarpus mariannensis), the banyan fig Ficus prolixa, and Cordia subcordata, with volcanic-soil broadleaf forests dominated by Aglaia mariannensis and Elaeocarpus joga. The climate is warm and strongly seasonal, with annual rainfall around 2,000 to 2,500 millimeters and a wet season running from July through October, while frequent strong typhoons shape a dense, vine-laden forest structure with few emergent trees. The islands harbor endemic wildlife such as the flagship Mariana fruit dove and the Mariana flying fox, though invasive species, above all the brown tree snake blamed for extinctions of native birds on Guam, remain the foremost conservation threat.

The Yap tropical dry forests cover the Yap Islands and neighboring atolls in Yap State of the Federated States of Micronesia, a low, gently sloping island group lying roughly 450 km northeast of Palau in the western Caroline Islands. Original vegetation was a mosaic of upland broadleaf forest, upland savanna, freshwater swamps, and mangroves, with canopy genera such as Celtis, Terminalia, Trichospermum, Garcinia, and Pouteria. The climate is tropical with little seasonal temperature variation but strongly seasonal rainfall, marked by a distinct dry season from January through March and heavy rains from roughly May through November, and strong typhoons occur regularly. Despite their small size the islands hold notable endemism, including the Yap monarch and Yap olive white-eye among the birds, the Yap flying-fox, and endemic plants such as Drypetes yapensis and Trichospermum ikutai, yet long human settlement has left the forests heavily degraded and the ecoregion has no legally protected areas. For gardeners, the native understory includes familiar ornamental genera such as Hibiscus and Ixora, alongside the widely planted tropical-almond tree Terminalia catappa.

The Apure-Villavicencio dry forests stretch along the eastern foot of the Andes' eastern cordillera, spanning the Venezuelan states of Portuguesa, Barinas and Apure and the Colombian departments of Arauca, Casanare and Meta. This is a transitional ecoregion, a patchwork of premontane, gallery and deciduous dry forest grading into savanna where the Andean montane forests give way to the lowland Llanos grasslands. Characteristic woody plants include mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), palo verde (Cercidium praecox), kapok (Ceiba pentandra), yellow mombin (Spondias mombin), and palms such as the moriche (Mauritia flexuosa) and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata). Its climate is equatorial with a pronounced dry winter (Köppen Aw), with temperatures ranging from about 19 to 33 degrees Celsius. The forests have been severely degraded by deforestation, farming and ranching, leaving poorly protected remnants that the World Wildlife Fund rates as Vulnerable, yet they still shelter the giant anteater, Geoffroy's spider monkey, and the flagship Colombian four-eyed frog. Gardeners may recognize several natives here as ornamentals, including the stately kapok tree and the moriche and macaúba palms.

The Bajío dry forests cover the southwestern Mexican Plateau in west-central Mexico, spanning the states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Michoacán across the Lerma River basin and the lake country around Chapala, Cuitzeo, and Pátzcuaro. Set in valleys between roughly 1,000 and 2,000 meters on shallow, rocky, well-drained volcanic and limestone soils, the region was historically dry deciduous forest whose characteristic trees included copal, pochote, palo amarillo, and mauto, with thorn-scrub communities of mesquite and huamúchil. The climate is tropical subhumid, with annual rainfall around 500 to 930 millimeters and a pronounced dry season that can last up to eight months. This is one of Mexico's most developed and densely populated landscapes, and centuries of agriculture and grazing have reduced the forest to small pockets now dominated by thorn scrub and subtropical matorral, leaving the ecoregion classed as critical or endangered with only about 7.5 percent in protected areas. Gardeners working in comparably dry, seasonal climates may recognize natives of this region in drought-adapted, deciduous trees such as mesquite and copal.

The Balsas dry forests occupy the basin of the Balsas River in western and central Mexico, spreading across the states of Michoacan, Guerrero, Morelos, Mexico, Puebla, and Oaxaca. This tropical dry broadleaf ecoregion is a deciduous and thorn forest dominated by Bursera trees, alongside the legume Haematoxylum brasiletto and abundant columnar cacti such as Pachycereus and Cephalocereus. The climate is tropical and subhumid, with seasonal rainfall and a severe dry season that can last up to eight months. The forests are a renowned center of plant endemism and speciation, especially for Bursera, with roughly half of the region's Bursera species found nowhere else, and they shelter the near-endemic Balsas screech-owl, though only about a tenth of the ecoregion lies within protected areas. For drought-tolerant or xeric plantings, the native Bursera (the source of copal incense) and the dyewood Haematoxylum brasiletto are ornamental genera that evolved here.