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Fava bean

Fava bean

Vicia faba
A cool-season annual legume of the bean family (Fabaceae), also called broad bean, grown as a vegetable for its edible seeds and pods. NC State Extension describes a stiffly erect plant 2-6 feet tall with leaves of 2-6 leaflets and conspicuous toothed stipules, bearing fragrant white spring-and-summer flowers marked with a purplish or brown blotch. The fruit is a narrowly oblong flattened pod up to 11 inches long holding up to 6 large oval seeds. Like other legumes it fixes nitrogen from the air and is often used as a cover crop; it grows best in cool weather, with poor yields once daytime temperatures exceed the mid-70s.
Edible
Pollinator
Structure
Light
Full sun
Water
Moderate water
Mature size
24-72" tall · 12" apart
Hardy in zones
Annual; NC State lists no winter hardiness zone — grown as a cool-season vegetable
AHS heat range
1-6
Plant range authored in AHS heat-zone terms.
Native in Illinois
No
Fava bean is largely self-fertile and sets pods on its own, but its fragrant white flowers blotched with purple or brown are also insect-attractive — NC State Extension reports the flowers attract bees, wasps, and lady beetles, so the crop earns real pollinator value while in bloom even though it does not depend on a separate pollinizer to set seed.

Cold hardiness

Future
This plant is grown as an annual; hardiness zones don't apply.

Heat tolerance

Future
Heat tolerance values are location-based too: heat days today are observed at this site, and the 2050 value projects this same location under a future climate.
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Sources & citations

Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). Fava bean (Vicia faba). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/plants/vicia-faba
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited - 18 source-backed.
NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
University extension service
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
Seasonal interest
Growth stages
Lifecycle
Regional guidance
Success tips
Designer notes
Wikimedia Commons
Photo · CC BY-SA 4.0
Backs 1 field
Image