Home
Eastern hemlock
Habit (mature) · Bruce Marlin / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0
Limited coverage

Eastern hemlock

Tsuga canadensis
A large, graceful evergreen conifer of cool, moist eastern North American forests, reaching 40-70 feet with a dense, pyramidal-to-conical crown and arching, feathery branches that sweep nearly to the ground. Short, flat, dark-green needles with two white bands beneath line slender twigs, and small drooping cones hang from the branch tips. The most shade-tolerant of the eastern conifers, it makes an elegant specimen or tall screen where soils stay consistently moist and cool. HONESTY: across much of its eastern range it is under serious, frequently lethal attack from the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae); do not plant it as a long-term backbone tree without committing to monitoring and treatment.
Review: Source-backed
Climate fit: narrow (38/100)
Structure
Focal point
Light
Part shade
Water
Consistent moisture
Mature size
480-840" tall · 330" apart
Hardy in zones
3a-7b
brutally cold to cold winters
Native in Illinois
No

Related products

Sponsored
Watering and irrigation
Watering cans, soaker hoses, drip kits, moisture meters, and timers.
Search watering and irrigation on Amazon
Moisture retention
Mulch, watering rings, compost, coconut coir, and soil-cover supplies.
Search moisture retention on Amazon
Acid-soil care
Sulfur, acid-loving plant fertilizer, pine bark, and pH monitoring.
Search acid-soil care on Amazon
Soil testing and pH
pH meters, soil test kits, lab mailers, and amendment calculators.
Search soil testing and ph on Amazon
Transplanting and establishment
Trowels, transplant spades, starter fertilizer, root stimulators, and watering bags.
Search transplanting and establishment on Amazon
Container growing
Grow bags, planters, potting mix, saucers, casters, and container irrigation.
Search container growing on Amazon
Plotwright may earn a commission from purchases made through these links, at no extra cost to you.
Grown as an ornamental specimen, screen, and hedge, and historically valued for timber and tannin-rich bark; it is not a food plant.

Cold hardiness

Future
These values are location-based: this location's current hardiness is the baseline, and the 2050 value is a projected future climate for this same location.
Now
Zone 6b
USDA
Published baseline for this location from 1991-2020.
Source: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (1991-2020 climatology) via ArcGIS FeatureServer
Well-suited
2050
Zone 7a
Plotwright
Projected zone for this same location in 2050 (2041-2070) using SSP3-7.0 (regional rivalry).
Well-suited
In plain terms: This location is in Zone 6b today. Its hardiness profile is cold winters, and coldest nights are typically around -3°F. By 2050, the projected hardiness zone is Zone 7a based on SSP3-7.0 (regional rivalry). That is a +0.5-zone shift from Zone 6b to Zone 7a by 2050.
Well-suited today and still thriving in 2050.

Heat tolerance

Future
Heat tolerance values are location-based too: heat days today are observed at this site, and the 2050 value projects this same location under a future climate.
Loading AHS heat-zone data for this location...

Sources & citations

Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Retrieved 2026, June 13, from https://plotwright.garden/plants/tsuga-canadensis
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited18 source-backed.
NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
University extension service
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
Seasonal interest
Growth stages
Lifecycle
Regional guidance
Success tips
Designer notes
Wikimedia Commons
Photo · CC BY-SA 3.0
Backs 1 field
Image

Community photos

The photos above are our reviewed reference set, curated for accuracy.