Renosterveld shrubland
Renosterveld shrubland
Renosterveld Shrubland is a Mediterranean-climate ecoregion of the Afrotropic realm, occurring on the coastal lowlands and inland basins of the Cape Floristic Region in southwestern and southeastern South Africa. Its defining habitat is a low shrubland, roughly 1 to 2 meters tall and composed mainly of fine-leaved ericoid shrubs, usually dominated by the grey renosterbos (Elytropappus rhinocerotis, also treated as Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis), with karee, wild rosemary, and wild olive among other characteristic woody plants. The climate is winter-rainfall Mediterranean, with annual rainfall of roughly 250 to 650 millimeters and widespread frost on the higher peaks. Although the Proteas, Ericas, and Restios typical of fynbos occur only in very low abundance here, the renosterveld holds one of the most species-rich assemblages of geophytes in the world and forms part of a flora with strong Cape endemism, yet it is one of the most threatened vegetation types in the world, with less than 2 percent formally conserved after extensive conversion to farmland. For gardeners, the perennial geophytes that thrive in these clay-rich soils come from the iris, amaryllis, hyacinth, and orchid families, the source of many bulbs prized in horticulture.
RESOLVE 90
Afrotropic
10,955 sq mi
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Landscape type
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Plant region
Afrotropic
Region footprint
10,955 sq mi
Habitat pressure
Nature Could Recover (Dinerstein NNH 3)
Source & care
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Plan for hot, dry summers, mild wet winters, and plants built for seasonal swings. This climate favors drought-adapted shrubs, bulbs, herbs, and open-woodland plants; local native guidance matters because fire, habitat loss, and endemism are part of the planting story.
Range & origins
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 34.2°S, 20.3°E.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 10,955 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Renosterveld shrubland, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
mediterranean forests, woodlands & scrub conditions
The region sits in the Afrotropic realm and is classed as mediterranean forests, woodlands & scrub. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Could Recover
Plotwright shows this as the current RESOLVE footprint. Over decades to centuries, warming, disturbance, invasive species, land use, and restoration can move the living edge of a region even when the reference map stays fixed.
Similar planting regions
Browse other regions with a similar hot, dry-summer rhythm. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.
RESOLVE 88 - Afrotropic
Albany thickets
The Albany Thickets ecoregion lies in South Africa's Eastern Cape, concentrated in the wide valleys of the Great Fish, Sundays, and Gamtoos rivers around the Albany region. It forms a dense, spiny shrubland and woodland with a canopy up to about 2.5 metres tall, growing on well-drained sandy soils and rich in succulents such as the porkbush (Portulacaria afra), jade plant (Crassula ovata), aloes, and succulent Euphorbia, alongside trees like Schotia afra. The climate is dry, hot in summer and cold in winter, with inland valleys swinging from near 0 degrees C to over 40 degrees C and receiving low, irregular rainfall. The thickets form part of the Cape Floristic Region and are a noted center of endemism for succulent Euphorbia, while Addo Elephant National Park protects African bush elephants and black rhinoceros within the region. For gardeners, the spekboom (Portulacaria afra) and jade plant native here are both widely grown ornamental, drought-tolerant succulents.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 10b-13b
+3.1°F by 2070
14,181 sq mi
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 89 - Afrotropic
Fynbos shrubland
The Fynbos shrubland — the Cape Floristic Region of southwestern South Africa, one of the six globally-recognized floral kingdoms despite being the smallest in area. Sclerophyllous shrubland on nutrient-poor sandstone-derived soils with ~9,000 vascular plant species (~70% endemic), including Erica, Protea, Restio, Leucadendron, and Leucospermum genera that anchor the visible identity. Mediterranean climate with winter-wet, summer-dry seasonality; fire is essential to regeneration of most fynbos species.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 10a-13a
+2.9°F by 2070
20,727 sq mi
Editorial profile
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 785 - Palearctic
Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
The Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests ring the Aegean Sea, spanning most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands, the western coast of Turkey, and reaching into southeastern North Macedonia and southwestern Bulgaria. Its vegetation is classic Mediterranean: dense maquis shrubland of holm oak, strawberry tree, and bay laurel, extensive pine forests of Calabrian (Turkish) pine, Aleppo pine, and stone pine, with sweet chestnut and oriental beech on cooler northern slopes. The climate is Mediterranean, with mild winters and dry summers. The ecoregion's flagship is the oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), endemic to a limited area of southwestern Turkey and the Greek island of Rhodes, and much of the original habitat has been heavily degraded by human activity dating back to ancient times. For gardeners drawn to drought-tolerant Mediterranean planting, native genera such as Arbutus (strawberry tree), Laurus (bay laurel), and the pines offer ornamental, climate-suited choices.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 9a-12b
+3.5°F by 2070
51,531 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 786 - Palearctic
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
The Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests cover the mountains and plateaus of southwestern Anatolia in Turkey, a transitional zone where Mediterranean conditions grade into increasingly continental climate moving from west to east. Its forests are a mosaic of pines and deciduous broadleaf trees: Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) holds the western foothills and inland depressions, while the emblematic Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana) dominates the drier east and higher elevations, mixing with oaks (Quercus cerris, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, Q. frainetto), sweet chestnut, Oriental beech, and juniper. The climate is broadly Mediterranean, with hot dry summers and rainy winters and annual precipitation ranging roughly 400 to 600 mm. The region shelters brown bears, grey wolves, Saker falcons, and the critically endangered long-legged wood frog, and its wetlands are vital for migratory waterfowl such as Dalmatian pelicans and white-headed ducks; it is classified as critical or endangered, with only a small fraction of its area protected. For gardeners, several plants native here are familiar ornamentals, including the cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) and sweet chestnut.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 9a-12a
+3.3°F by 2070
33,325 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 422 - Nearctic
California coastal sage and chaparral
California coastal sage and chaparral covers the cismontane lowlands and footslopes from Point Conception south through Baja California — the chaparral and coastal-sage-scrub matrix interleaved with oak woodland, riparian gallery forest, and the coastal salt-marsh fringe. The most species-rich Mediterranean-climate flora in North America; sage, ceanothus, manzanita, and the fire-following annual wildflowers carry the visible identity.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 11a-12b
+2.8°F by 2070
12,700 sq mi
Editorial profile
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 423 - Nearctic
California interior chaparral and woodlands
The California interior chaparral and woodlands ecoregion forms an elliptical ring of hills and low mountains around California's Central Valley, stretching from Shasta Lake south toward Wheeler Ridge. Its biologically rich mosaic includes chaparral, grasslands, oak savannas and woodlands, serpentine communities, pine and montane conifer forests, riparian forests, and wetlands. The climate is Mediterranean, with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Notably, it hosts the largest number of endemic mammals of any ecoregion in the U.S. and Canada, with the Alameda whipsnake as its flagship species; urban sprawl and rural development are leading threats.
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub
Zones 7b-12a
+3.1°F by 2070
27,780 sq mi
NNH tier 3
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Renosterveld shrubland (Renosterveld shrubland). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-90
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework
Backs 4 fields
RESOLVE id
Biome + realm
Area
NNH tier