Trans-Baikal conifer forests
Trans-Baikal conifer forests
The Trans-Baikal conifer forests stretch across southern Siberia in Russia and into northern Mongolia, centered on the Yablonoi and Khentii Mountains east and south of Lake Baikal in the historic region long called Dauria or Transbaikal. This mountainous taiga is a transitional zone where the dark-needled forests of western Siberia meet the light-needled larch forests of the east, with Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) dominating the slopes while bunchgrass-and-fescue steppe occupies the warmest lowlands. The climate is dry-winter subarctic (Koppen Dwc), bringing long, very cold winters with little snow and cool summers. The ecoregion shelters notable wildlife including white-naped cranes and the vulnerable Siberian musk deer, and is safeguarded by several protected areas, among them the UNESCO World Heritage site of Lake Baikal and Russian zapovedniks (strict nature reserves). Gardeners may recognize understory natives such as Rhododendron dauricum, an early-flowering ornamental shrub of these forests.
RESOLVE 718
Palearctic
77,407 sq mi
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Landscape type
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Plant region
Palearctic
Region footprint
77,407 sq mi
Habitat pressure
Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)
Source & care
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Use this as the broad planting pattern for the region: The vast northern forest belt of spruce, fir, pine, and larch, defined by long, severe winters and short growing seasons. Often underlain by permafrost and wetlands, the taiga forms one of the world’s largest terrestrial carbon stores. For garden decisions, pair that context with the plant list below, then narrow by your site's light, water, soil, and mature-size constraints.
Range & origins
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 51.0°N, 109.9°E.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 77,407 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Trans-Baikal conifer forests, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
boreal forests/taiga conditions
The region sits in the Palearctic realm and is classed as boreal forests/taiga. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Could Reach Half Protected
Plotwright shows this as the current RESOLVE footprint. Over decades to centuries, warming, disturbance, invasive species, land use, and restoration can move the living edge of a region even when the reference map stays fixed.
Planting collections
Finished planting recipes where every member can handle this region's climate range. The fit badge uses the collection's most sensitive plant, so a resilient collection is a safer starting point than any single standout.
Climate-resilient · 2 plantes
Bright shade foundation
A part-shade planting with shrub structure and low foliage contrast.
Climate-resilient · 8 plantes
Climate-resilient natives for warming zones (eastern NA)
A pollinator-supporting palette of eastern North American natives with broad hardiness ranges and wide native distributions. Built for gardeners who want a planting that can handle warming zones without giving up wildlife value.
Climate-resilient · 9 plantes
Native pollinator border (eastern US)
A continuous-bloom native pollinator strip for eastern North America. Covers spring through frost with host + nectar plants spanning monarchs, native bees, hummingbirds, and specialist Lepidoptera. Little bluestem provides the matrix grass + Hesperiidae host.
Climate-resilient · 4 plantes
Sunny pollinator border
A durable sunny border with summer bloom, seedheads, and upright winter texture.
Similar planting regions
Browse other regions with a similar hot, dry-summer rhythm. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.
RESOLVE 710 - Palearctic
East Siberian taiga
The East Siberian taiga is one of the largest unbroken tracts of boreal forest on Earth, sprawling across the heart of central and eastern Siberia in Russia from the Yenisei River westward to the Verkhoyansk, Kolyma, and Dzhugdzhur mountain ranges in the east. It is overwhelmingly a forest of larch, with Siberian larch in the west and south and Dahurian larch to the north and east, mixed in places with dark conifers such as Siberian spruce, Siberian pine, Siberian fir, and Scots pine, alongside broadleaf birches and aspen. The climate is harshly continental and subarctic, with cold mean annual temperatures and most of the ecoregion underlain by permanent permafrost that shapes its drainage and rooting conditions. This vast wilderness supports globally important populations of brown bear, grey wolf, wolverine, sable, and reindeer, and its flagship species is the Siberian musk deer. The forest understory carries low-growing acid-loving plants including marsh Labrador tea, bilberry, and cranberry, evergreen shrubs of the heath family that hint at the sour, frozen ground these northern boreal genera tolerate.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 3a-6b
+8.2°F by 2070
1,510,508 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 711 - Palearctic
Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra
This ecoregion spans the entire island of Iceland in the North Atlantic, lying just south of the Arctic Circle on volcanic terrain with basaltic soils. Much of it is tundra and sparsely vegetated arctic desert, with vegetation concentrated in the coastal lowlands and interwoven with woodlands of white (downy) birch, Betula pubescens, much of it shrub-like and under two meters tall; rowan and tea-leaved willow are the other characteristic native woody plants, and forest now covers only about one percent of its original extent after centuries of timber cutting and sheep grazing. Most of the region has a tundra climate, with no month averaging above 10 degrees Celsius, though the Gulf Stream keeps conditions milder than the latitude would suggest. It is renowned for birdlife, with over three hundred species recorded, many of them migrants, and the pink-footed goose serves as its flagship species, while the Arctic fox is the only land mammal native to the island. For cold-climate gardeners, its hardy native genera, including birch (Betula), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), and willow (Salix phylicifolia), are familiar ornamental and amenity plants.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 8b-10b
+5.2°F by 2070
35,314 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 712 - Palearctic
Kamchatka taiga
The Kamchatka taiga forms a conifer "island" within the central valley of the Kamchatka Peninsula in far-eastern Russia, set along the Kamchatka River between the Sredinny Mountains to the west and the Eastern Ranges to the east. It is the easternmost outpost of Siberian-style taiga, where comparatively continental conditions in the sheltered Central Kamchatka Depression allow stands of Dahurian larch (Larix cajanderi), Yeddo spruce (Picea jezoensis), and Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla) to grow, giving way to Erman's birch at higher elevations. The climate is humid continental with cool summers, and the wider peninsula carries some of the heaviest cloud cover on Earth. The region is renowned for its Kamchatka brown bears, the largest in Eurasia, which feast on the salmon that crowd the rivers each year; the sockeye salmon is its flagship species.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 5a-7a
+7.5°F by 2070
5,876 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 713 - Palearctic
Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
This Palearctic ecoregion occupies the Russian Far East, covering the coastal zones of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the northern Kuril Islands, and the Commander Islands. Despite sitting in the boreal forests/taiga biome, it is defined less by dense conifer stands than by open, parkland-like country: sparse "stone birch" forests of Betula ermanii, dwarf thickets of Siberian dwarf pine and Siberian alder, expanses of moss-and-lichen tundra, and famously tall-herb meadows where giant meadowsweet (Filipendula camtschatica), Angelica ursina, and Parasenecio hastatus can top three meters. The climate is cool and oceanic, with mild brief summers, cold snowy winters, and abundant Pacific moisture that falls fairly evenly through the year. The region supports an exceptionally large brown bear population sustained by salmon-rich streams, vast seabird colonies, and breeding fur seals, with the Steller's sea eagle as its flagship bird. For gardeners in cool, damp climates, its native tall-herb flora includes ornamental moisture-lovers such as Filipendula meadowsweet.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 6a-10a
+6.1°F by 2070
56,554 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 714 - Palearctic
Northeast Siberian taiga
The Northeast Siberian taiga stretches across northeastern Russia between the Lena and Kolyma rivers, a vast Palearctic boreal landscape framed by the Verkhoyansk and Chersky ranges and underlain throughout by permafrost. Its sparse forests are dominated by Dahurian larch, accompanied by dwarf Siberian pine and silver birch, with seasonal thaw depressions called Alasy supporting meadow vegetation. The climate is extreme subarctic, with long, brutally cold winters and short warm summers; this is among the coldest inhabited regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with recorded lows reaching about minus 68 degrees Celsius. Thanks to its remoteness and difficult access, it remains one of the largest tracts of virgin boreal forest on Earth, home to flagship species such as the Amur lemming and the critically endangered Siberian crane, though only a small fraction is protected and climate change and logging pose growing threats. Gardeners in cold climates may recognize silver birch (Betula) among its native flora, valued as a hardy ornamental.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 3b-7b
+9.4°F by 2070
435,133 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 715 - Palearctic
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
The Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga is a boreal forest ecoregion of the Russian Far East, spanning the lower Amur River and its wetlands, the west coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and more than half of the rugged Sikhote-Alin range along with parts of the Badzhal and Dzhugdzhur mountains. It is the southernmost taiga in Eurasia, where "light taiga" of Dahurian larch at lower elevations gives way to "dark taiga" of Yeddo spruce and fir higher up, mixed with broadleaf trees such as Manchurian oak, Manchurian ash, and Amur linden. Pacific maritime influence brings warmer winters and cooler summers than the continental interior, with heavy snow cover of one to two meters near the coast by winter's end. The ecoregion is notable for blending northern Okhotsk-Kamchatka species with southern Manchurian flora and fauna, supporting reindeer, Siberian musk deer, brown bears, and the critically endangered Kaluga sturgeon of the lower Amur. Gardeners may recognize ornamentally familiar genera native here, including birch and linden.
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Zones 3b-9a
+8.2°F by 2070
155,298 sq mi
NNH tier 2
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Trans-Baikal conifer forests (Trans-Baikal conifer forests). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-718
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework
Backs 4 fields
RESOLVE id
Biome + realm
Area
NNH tier