Western Congolian forest-savanna
Western Congolian forest-savanna
The Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic spans Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon, covering the dissected plateaus that lie between the Congo Basin to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, with the lower Congo River running through it. Its vegetation is a mosaic of wooded grassland dotted with forest, including gallery forests that line the rivers and patches of dry evergreen forest on the Bateke Plateau, where characteristic trees include Marquesia, Daniellia, and Berlinia. The climate is tropical with little seasonal variation, and rainfall increases toward the wetter Congolian and coastal rainforests at its margins. These savanna and gallery-forest habitats shelter threatened megafauna such as African forest elephants, western lowland gorillas, and chimpanzees, alongside endemics like the white-headed robin-chat and orange-breasted bush shrike, though only a small fraction of the ecoregion is protected.
RESOLVE 63
Afrotropic
145,105 sq mi
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Landscape type
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Plant region
Afrotropic
Region footprint
145,105 sq mi
Habitat pressure
Nature Imperiled (Dinerstein NNH 4)
Source & care
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Use this as the broad planting pattern for the region: Warm grasslands and savannas where grasses dominate and trees are scattered, maintained by seasonal rainfall, grazing, and fire. They support large herbivore communities and respond sharply to wet–dry cycles. For garden decisions, pair that context with the plant list below, then narrow by your site's light, water, soil, and mature-size constraints.
Range & origins
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 5.1°S, 15.1°E.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 145,105 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Western Congolian forest-savanna, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
tropical & subtropical grasslands, savannas & shrublands conditions
The region sits in the Afrotropic realm and is classed as tropical & subtropical grasslands, savannas & shrublands. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Imperiled
Plotwright shows this as the current RESOLVE footprint. Over decades to centuries, warming, disturbance, invasive species, land use, and restoration can move the living edge of a region even when the reference map stays fixed.
Similar planting regions
Browse other regions with a similar hot, dry-summer rhythm. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.
RESOLVE 34 - Afrotropic
Angolan mopane woodlands
The Angolan mopane woodlands stretch across southwestern Angola and northern Namibia, running along the Owambo Basin and surrounding the salt flats of the Etosha Pan. As the name suggests, the ecoregion is dominated by the mopane tree (Colophospermum mopane), which grows as a single-stemmed tree up to about 10 meters tall or, where conditions are harsher, as a dense shrub, alongside associated Acacia, Combretum, and Commiphora species. The climate is dry, with rainfall concentrated in the summer and peaking in late summer. The woodlands shelter elephants, black and white rhinoceros, lion, and cheetah, as well as the near-endemic black-faced impala, and the wider region is anchored by protected areas including Namibia's Etosha National Park. Mopane here also has a direct human use, as the caterpillars of the mopane emperor moth are gathered locally as food.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 11a-12b
+4.2°F by 2070
74,248 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 35 - Afrotropic
Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands
The Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands form a long, narrow strip along the coast of Angola, running from the Atlantic shore up the steep west-facing escarpment that climbs roughly 1,000 meters to the country's central plateau. Vegetation shifts dramatically with elevation, grading from dry woodland and wooded grassland—where baobab, Strychnos, and Acacia welwitschii grow—up to humid mist and cloud forests whose canopy includes Khaya anthotheca, Bombax buonopozense, and Spathodea campanulata. The climate is tropical with summer rains; the coastal belt, cooled by the Benguela Current, stays humid but receives relatively little rain, while the escarpment is far wetter. Despite being poorly studied and only partly protected within reserves such as Quiçãma National Park, the region is rich in endemics, including the red-crested turaco and the grey-striped francolin, and is classified as Vulnerable. For gardeners, the showy African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata), grown as an ornamental in warm climates worldwide, is native to these escarpment forests.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12a-13b
+3.7°F by 2070
52,811 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 36 - Afrotropic
Angolan wet miombo woodlands
The Angolan wet miombo woodlands blanket most of the central Angolan plateau and extend north into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sitting largely at elevations between about 1,000 and 1,500 meters. The defining habitat is miombo woodland, a moist deciduous broadleaf savanna dominated by legume trees of the family Fabaceae (subfamily Caesalpinioideae), especially the genera Brachystegia, Julbernardia, and Isoberlinia, with grassland and sandy-soil openings between the stands. The climate is tropical and notably wetter than the surrounding savanna, with rainfall strongly concentrated in the hot summer months from roughly November to March. The ecoregion is the stronghold of the giant sable antelope (Hippotragus niger variani), a critically endangered Angolan endemic protected at Cangandala National Park, and it also harbors a strict-endemic rodent, Vernay's climbing mouse. For gardeners, the signature native flora here are the canopy-forming Brachystegia and Isoberlinia legume trees that give the miombo its character.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12a-13b
+4.0°F by 2070
173,318 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 37 - Afrotropic
Ascension scrub and grasslands
This ecoregion covers Ascension Island, a small volcanic British Overseas Territory in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, roughly 1,200 km northwest of St. Helena and about 1,700 km from the African mainland. Its natural cover is dry grassland and scrubland with few if any trees, with much of the north and west marked by barren, desert-like ground broken by patches of grass and the endemic Ascension spurge (Euphorbia origanoides), the island's only endemic lowland plant. The climate is subtropical and semi-arid, with temperatures ranging from about 10 to 32 degrees Celsius and low mean annual rainfall around 709 mm, divided into a hotter season and a cooler one. Before human settlement the island supported only 25 to 30 plant species, ten of them endemic, including the shrub Oldenlandia adscensionis, the grass genus Sporobolus, and several endemic ferns such as Asplenium ascensionis and Pteris adscensionis. Today the island is one of the most important seabird breeding sites in the tropical Atlantic, home to the endemic Ascension frigatebird (Fregata aquila) and a globally significant green turtle nesting population, though introduced prickly pear and Mexican thorn now press on its sparse native flora.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 13b
+2.7°F by 2070
36 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 38 - Afrotropic
Central bushveld
The Central Bushveld is a tropical savanna ecoregion that sweeps across northern South Africa (most of Limpopo and part of North West province), the southeast corner of Botswana, and into Zimbabwe. Its vegetation is a mosaic of grassland studded with trees and tall shrubs: vast, often monospecific stands of the winter-deciduous mopane (Colophospermum mopane), northern woodland savanna with Burkea africana and silver clusterleaf, and acacia-dominated savanna on the southern flats featuring Acacia tortilis, A. nilotica, and A. nigrescens, while the Waterberg Mountains add Terminalia sericea and Peltophorum africanum. The climate is seasonal with hot, wet summers and cool, dry winters, modest annual rainfall, and a wide temperature swing, so grasses brown off through the May-to-August dry season. The region supports rich large-mammal life, including elephant, giraffe, and the threatened black rhinoceros and cheetah, alongside Waterberg-area endemics such as Juliana's golden mole and several girdled lizards. For gardeners, several of its hardy, drought-adapted natives, including Peltophorum africanum (weeping wattle) and Terminalia sericea, are grown ornamentally for their form and resilience in dry, summer-rainfall settings.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 10b-11b
+4.4°F by 2070
60,236 sq mi
NNH tier 3
RESOLVE 39 - Afrotropic
Central Zambezian wet miombo woodlands
The Central Zambezian wet miombo woodlands sprawl across south-central Africa, covering roughly 70 percent of central and northern Zambia along with adjacent parts of Angola, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, and Mozambique. This is classic miombo country, an open woodland dominated by legume trees of the genera Brachystegia, Julbernardia, and Isoberlinia, with Pterocarpus angolensis, Albizia, and Afzelia quanzensis among the associated species and a ground layer of herbaceous Crotalaria and Indigofera. The climate is tropical and seasonal, set on a flat plateau between about 1,000 and 1,600 meters, with most rain falling in a single November-to-March wet season followed by a long dry season that can last up to seven months. It holds the highest floral richness of the African miombo ecoregions, peaking in Zambia, and supports large mammals such as African elephant, buffalo, and black rhino across major reserves like Kafue National Park. For gardeners, several of its native canopy genera, including Brachystegia and the bloodwood Pterocarpus angolensis, are valued as ornamental and shade trees in warm, frost-light climates.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12a-13b
+4.1°F by 2070
395,004 sq mi
NNH tier 3
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Western Congolian forest-savanna (Western Congolian forest-savanna). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-63
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework
Backs 4 fields
RESOLVE id
Biome + realm
Area
NNH tier