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Southeast US conifer savannas

Southeast US conifer savannas

Southeast US conifer savannas
The Southeastern Conifer Savannas — the longleaf pine / wiregrass system that historically covered ~90 million acres from southern Virginia through the Florida panhandle and west to east Texas. Fire-dependent open savanna with a remarkable forb and grass understory (Aristida, Sporobolus, Pityopsis, native legumes). Less than 3% of the original system remains; what does survive is the most species-rich ground-layer ecosystem in the temperate world. Garden-relevant for the longleaf-restoration palette and for pollinator-corridor design across the Southeast.
RESOLVE 399
Nearctic
201,560 sq mi
Humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa)
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
States / provinces
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas
Landscape type
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Plant region
Nearctic
Region footprint
201,560 sq mi
Elevation range
0 – 650 ft
Climate type
Humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa)
Habitat pressure
Nature Imperiled (Dinerstein NNH 4)
Use this as the broad planting pattern for the region: Temperate prairies, steppes, and pampas of grasses and forbs with few trees, under continental climates of hot summers and cold winters. Their deep, fertile soils have made them among the most extensively converted biomes for agriculture. For garden decisions, pair that context with the plant list below, then narrow by your site's light, water, soil, and mature-size constraints.

Range & origins

Southeast US conifer savannas location on world map
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 32.2°N, 84.8°W.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 201,560 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Southeast US conifer savannas, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
Humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa) conditions
The region sits in the Nearctic realm and is classed as temperate grasslands, savannas & shrublands. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Imperiled
Sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion are reshaping the coastal portion of this ecoregion faster than the climate envelope itself is shifting — bald cypress, sweetgum, and water tupelo are losing ground to salt-tolerant species.

Planting collections

Finished planting recipes where every member can handle this region's climate range. The fit badge uses the collection's most sensitive plant, so a resilient collection is a safer starting point than any single standout.
Climate-resilient · 2 plantas
Bright shade foundation
A part-shade planting with shrub structure and low foliage contrast.
Annabelle hydrangea
Coral bells
+4
Climate-resilient · 8 plantas
Climate-resilient natives for warming zones (eastern NA)
A pollinator-supporting palette of eastern North American natives with broad hardiness ranges and wide native distributions. Built for gardeners who want a planting that can handle warming zones without giving up wildlife value.
Switchgrass
Little bluestem
Common milkweed
Black-eyed Susan
Wild bergamot
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Cutleaf coneflower
New England aster
+2
Climate-resilient · 6 plantas
Mediterranean drought-tolerant edible
A low-water edible palette of culinary herbs + a hardy grape for hot dry sunny sites. Mediterranean-origin plants thrive on neglect; their primary failure mode is overwatering, not underwatering.
English lavender
Rosemary
Garden sage
Oregano
Common thyme
Fox grape
+5
Climate-resilient · 9 plantas
Native pollinator border (eastern US)
A continuous-bloom native pollinator strip for eastern North America. Covers spring through frost with host + nectar plants spanning monarchs, native bees, hummingbirds, and specialist Lepidoptera. Little bluestem provides the matrix grass + Hesperiidae host.
Butterfly weed
Common milkweed
Purple coneflower
Wild bergamot
Scarlet bee balm
Little bluestem
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Swamp sunflower
Smooth blue aster
Climate-resilient · 4 plantas
Sunny pollinator border
A durable sunny border with summer bloom, seedheads, and upright winter texture.
English lavender
Purple coneflower
Black-eyed Susan
Switchgrass

Similar planting regions

Browse other regions with a similar hot, dry-summer rhythm. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.
RESOLVE 385 - Nearctic
California Central Valley grasslands
The California Central Valley grasslands fill the long lowland between the Sierra Nevada to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west, spanning the Sacramento Valley in the north and the San Joaquin Valley in the south. The climate is Mediterranean, with most rain falling in winter and conditions growing drier from north to south and on the western, rain-shadowed side. Historically a mosaic of perennial bunchgrass prairie, oak savanna, vernal pools, and riparian woodland, the region is now largely converted to farmland and dominated by introduced annual grasses. It is one of North America's most altered grasslands: less than 1% of native grassland remains and only about 4% is protected.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 7b-12a
+3.1°F by 2070
17,943 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 386 - Nearctic
Canadian Aspen forests and parklands
The Canadian Aspen forests and parklands — the transitional belt between the northern prairies to the south and the boreal forest to the north, covering southern Saskatchewan, southern + central Alberta, southwestern Manitoba, and small extensions into Montana and the Dakotas. Quaking aspen groves interspersed with grassland; the ecoregion functioned historically as a fire-managed mosaic, and woody encroachment under fire suppression has shifted the balance toward more closed aspen forest.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 6b-8b
+6.7°F by 2070
126,247 sq mi
Editorial profile
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 388 - Nearctic
Central Tallgrass prairie
The Central Tallgrass Prairie — the historical core of the North American grassland biome, covering Iowa, northern Missouri, Illinois west of the Indiana hardwood line, eastern Kansas, eastern Nebraska, and the southern parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Big bluestem, Indiangrass, switchgrass, and side-oats grama on the dominant matrix; the deep-rooted forb diversity (Echinacea, Liatris, Silphium, Baptisia, Asclepias) underpins much of the modern native-plant-garden palette. Less than 4% of the original tallgrass remains; conservation collections matter disproportionately.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 7b-10a
+5.9°F by 2070
132,114 sq mi
Editorial profile
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 387 - Nearctic
Central US forest-grasslands transition
The Central US forest-grasslands transition is an ecotone stretching across the central Midwest—including Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, and Kentucky—where the eastern deciduous forests of the United States give way to the tallgrass prairies of the eastern Great Plains. Its presettlement landscape was a mosaic of oak savanna, bluestem prairie, and oak-hickory and maple-basswood forest, with glacial moraines, dunes, fens, and marshes common in the Chicago Lake Plain along Lake Michigan. The climate ranges from humid warm continental to humid cold temperate. Now encompassing major metropolitan areas including Chicago and Milwaukee and reaching south toward St. Louis, the region has lost over 95% of its presettlement vegetation, with only about 3% protected.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 8a-9b
+6.5°F by 2070
88,084 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 389 - Nearctic
Central-Southern US mixed grasslands
The Central-Southern US Mixed Grasslands run north to south from central Nebraska through Kansas and Oklahoma into north-central Texas, a vast prairie marking the ecological transition from tallgrass to shortgrass plains. Its flat-to-rolling, wind-deposited terrain (about 400-1,220 m elevation) carries native mixed-grass prairie of tallgrasses such as big bluestem and Indiangrass alongside shorter grasses, and OneEarth notes it holds the greatest floristic complexity of all North American grasslands. The climate is subhumid warm continental to warm temperate, with annual precipitation ranging from roughly 300 to 812 mm. Each spring more than 500,000 sandhill cranes (about 80% of the world's population) gather along Nebraska's Platte River, though only about 1% of the ecoregion is protected.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 8b-11a
+4.0°F by 2070
106,215 sq mi
NNH tier 4
RESOLVE 390 - Nearctic
Cross-Timbers savanna-woodland
The Cross-Timbers savanna-woodland — the post-oak / blackjack-oak savanna belt running roughly southwest-to-northeast through central Texas, central Oklahoma, and southeastern Kansas. Forms the ragged forested western edge of the eastern hardwoods before the Great Plains take over to the west. Heavily fragmented by agriculture and urban Texas / Oklahoma metro growth.
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 9b-11a
+4.1°F by 2070
34,070 sq mi
Editorial profile
NNH tier 4

National refinement sub-regions

Within this RESOLVE ecoregion, national agencies recognise finer-grained sub-regions. Plotwright assigns each sub-region polygon to its containing RESOLVE polygon by centroid.
EPA Level III (US-only) - 4 sub-regions
63 · Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain
65 · Southeastern Plains
74 · Mississippi Valley Loess Plains
75 · Southern Coastal Plain
Source: USGS / EPA via Omernik (1987).

Sources & citations

Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Southeast US conifer savannas (Southeast US conifer savannas). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-399
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework
Backs 4 fields
RESOLVE id
Biome + realm
Area
NNH tier
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
Published hardiness-zone authority
Backs 1 field
USDA zone range