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Mitchell Grass Downs

Mitchell Grass Downs

Mitchell Grass Downs
The Mitchell Grass Downs sweep across the northeastern interior of Australia, covering parts of central-west Queensland and the Northern Territory's Barkly Tableland. These are vast, mostly treeless rolling plains dominated by tussocky Mitchell grasses (Astrebla spp.), interrupted by scattered dry acacia woodlands of gidgee and stands of hardy eucalypts and paperbark, including red river gum and coolibah. The climate is tropical and semi-arid, with pronounced variation in seasonality and average annual rainfall ranging from about 350 to 750 millimetres, concentrated around the summer monsoon. After heavy rains, ephemeral lakes form and draw flocks of migratory waterbirds and shorebirds, and the region holds the largest range of the endangered night parrot, the elusive flagship species of these grasslands. For gardeners, the hardy eucalypts native here, such as the coolibah and red river gum, are well-suited landscape trees for hot, seasonally dry conditions.
RESOLVE 187
Australasia
182,736 sq mi
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Landscape type
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Plant region
Australasia
Region footprint
182,736 sq mi
Habitat pressure
Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)
Use this as the broad planting pattern for the region: Warm grasslands and savannas where grasses dominate and trees are scattered, maintained by seasonal rainfall, grazing, and fire. They support large herbivore communities and respond sharply to wet–dry cycles. For garden decisions, pair that context with the plant list below, then narrow by your site's light, water, soil, and mature-size constraints.

Range & origins

Mitchell Grass Downs location on world map
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 21.6°S, 141.2°E.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 182,736 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Mitchell Grass Downs, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
tropical & subtropical grasslands, savannas & shrublands conditions
The region sits in the Australasia realm and is classed as tropical & subtropical grasslands, savannas & shrublands. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Could Reach Half Protected
Plotwright shows this as the current RESOLVE footprint. Over decades to centuries, warming, disturbance, invasive species, land use, and restoration can move the living edge of a region even when the reference map stays fixed.

Similar planting regions

Browse other regions with a similar hot, dry-summer rhythm. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.
RESOLVE 181 - Australasia
Arnhem Land tropical savanna
The Arnhem Land tropical savanna covers the rugged Arnhem Land peninsula and its offshore islands, including the Tiwi Islands, Groote Eylandt, and the Wessel Islands, in Australia's Northern Territory. Eucalypt open forests dominate the landscape, led by Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) and Darwin woollybutt (Eucalyptus miniata) over a tall understory of Sorghum grasses, interspersed with monsoon rainforest patches, mangroves, and Melaleuca swamp forests. The climate is tropical and strongly monsoonal, with a summer wet season and a largely rainless dry season. Long isolation has made it exceptionally diverse: over 1,900 plant taxa have been recorded, at least 200 of them found nowhere else, and a 2017 assessment found that 36% of the ecoregion lies within protected areas such as Kakadu National Park.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 13a-13b
+4.0°F by 2070
61,266 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 182 - Australasia
Brigalow tropical savanna
The Brigalow Tropical Savanna stretches across inland Queensland and into northern New South Wales, Australia, forming a broad transition belt nearly eleven degrees of latitude long between the wetter coastal forests of the east and the semi-arid interior. It is named for the brigalow (Acacia harpophylla), a water-stress-tolerant acacia that dominates the heavy clay soils, intergrading with eucalypt woodlands such as ironbark and poplar box, cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) on sandier ground, bluegrass (Dichanthium) grasslands, and scattered Queensland bottle trees (Brachychiton). The climate shifts from warm tropical summer-rainfall conditions in the north to cooler-wintered south, with the dry interior receiving under 500 mm a year and coastal margins 750 mm or more. Over 400 bird species occur here, and the region shelters endangered mammals including the flagship bridled nail-tail wallaby and the northern hairy-nosed wombat, though extensive clearing for grazing and cropping has left it critically threatened. For gardeners in comparable warm, seasonally dry climates, the native cypress pine and the sculptural bottle tree are both established ornamentals.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 10a-13b
+3.5°F by 2070
158,394 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 183 - Australasia
Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna
The Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna covers the northern portion of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia, along with the adjacent Torres Strait Islands, bounded by the Coral Sea to the east and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the west. Eucalypt woodlands and savannas form the dominant cover, with Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) the most widespread tree, while low open woodlands of Melaleuca, patches of rainforest and vine thicket, heathlands, and extensive mangroves round out the habitat mosaic. The climate is tropical and monsoonal, with a dry season from May to October and a heavy monsoon from November to April, and rainfall rising from the drier south toward the wetter north. Once linked by land to New Guinea, the peninsula's varied habitats support an exceptionally rich biota, including a large share of Australia's frogs, reptiles, mammals, and birds, with the Cape York birdwing butterfly as its flagship species and birds such as the golden-shouldered parrot and palm cockatoo. For gardeners, the region is the native home of distinctive endemic palms in the genera Wodyetia and Normanbya and an unusually diverse native orchid flora.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 13a-13b
+3.0°F by 2070
47,500 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 184 - Australasia
Carpentaria tropical savanna
The Carpentaria tropical savanna sweeps across the depositional plains south of the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia, spanning northwestern Queensland's Gulf Country and the northeastern Northern Territory, and taking in the Wellesley and Pellew Islands. Open eucalypt woodlands dominate the landscape, with Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) and bloodwoods rising over spinifex hummock grasses, while bluegrass (Dichanthium) grasslands blanket the clay plains and Melaleuca woodlands and mangroves fringe the wetter coast. The climate is strongly monsoonal, with summer rains arriving roughly November through March followed by a long dry season. The region is home to the endemic Carpentarian rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis), and its coastal mudflats are a critical stopover for thousands of migratory shorebirds on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12a-13b
+4.3°F by 2070
141,808 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 185 - Australasia
Einasleigh upland savanna
The Einasleigh upland savanna covers a large inland plateau in tropical and subtropical Queensland, Australia, just inland of the moist coast atop ancient eroded volcanic rocks with some of the world's longest lava flows and tubes. Its basalt-derived soils support ironbark eucalyptus woodlands, interspersed with patches of dry rainforest and many distinct wetland types. The climate is drier and cooler than the nearby coast, with summer highs around 35 degrees Celsius and a wet season running from December to March. The endemic golden-shouldered parrot lives here, alongside near-endemic rock-wallabies such as Godman's and Mareeba rock-wallabies, yet only about 7 percent of the ecoregion is protected and grazing, mining, and invasive weeds like lantana and rubber vine continue to degrade habitat. For gardeners, the region's signature ironbark eucalypts are the characteristic native trees of this hardy upland savanna.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12a-13b
+3.9°F by 2070
45,028 sq mi
NNH tier 2
RESOLVE 186 - Australasia
Kimberly tropical savanna
The Kimberley tropical savanna spans the rugged northwest of Australia, reaching across the Kimberley region of Western Australia and into the Northern Territory south of the Timor Sea. Savanna and open woodland dominate, with bloodwood eucalypts (Corymbia species) alongside Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) and Darwin woollybutt (E. miniata) over a grassy understorey of Sorghum, Themeda, and Aristida, while the iconic, swollen-trunked boab (Adansonia gregorii) is a signature tree of the country. The climate is monsoonal and tropical, with high temperatures year-round and rainfall concentrated in the summer monsoon from October to March, followed by a long dry season. More than 2,000 plant species grow here, of which about 230 are endemic, and scattered patches of monsoon rainforest shelter many ancient Gondwanan plants; the golden bandicoot is the region's flagship species. For gardeners, the boab stands out as a distinctive drought-adapted native of this country.
Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
Zones 12b-13b
+4.5°F by 2070
131,155 sq mi
NNH tier 2

Sources & citations

Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Mitchell Grass Downs (Mitchell Grass Downs). Retrieved 2026, June 14, from https://plotwright.garden/regions/resolve-187
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework
Backs 4 fields
RESOLVE id
Biome + realm
Area
NNH tier
One Earth
One Earth
Backs 1 field
Editorial summary
Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
Backs 1 field
Summary cross-check